Saturday, 27 July 2013

Is Science Gaining Momentum in Tanzania?

Beniel Seka
The issue of science and technology has been talked about for a long time. Many people in Tanzania recognise the need of developing science and technology to be abreast with the world global changes and advancement. Several people have suggested that it should be given priority. That is perhaps why the Commission for Science and Technology was established.
On 2nd August, 2012, the Prime Minister of the United Republic of Tanzania Honourable Mizengo Kayanza Pinda launched a Science book called Lighting Fire. This book, which is authored by 31 academicians, is an effort towards motivating science in schools and colleges. When launching the book, the Prime Minister reiterated the importance of science and popularising it among scholars. He also pleaded for other writers to write books that will help our children get proper knowledge about mankind and the surrounding.
Another effort to promote the learning of science in schools is the Science Education for Secondary Schools (SESS) Project. This project has been concerned with inculcating scientific skills to pupils in selected secondary schools. The science teachers in the project have been exposed to methods intended to instil basic science concepts backed by experiments. These teachers have been expected to pass their experience to the pupils they have been teaching.
Some topics have been integrated in the current school science curriculum. One such topic is trachoma. This has been implemented through a project piloted in several districts of Tanzania Mainland. Some of the districts are: Iramba, Kondoa, Igunga, Manyoni, Singida Rural, Tunduru, Nachingwea, Mtwara Rural, Lindi Rural, and Handeni, Tandahimba, Newala, Monduli, Kiteto, Simanjiro, Dodoma Rural, Kilosa, Kilwa and Ruangwa. The project which started in 2003 and coordinated by Tanzania Institute of Education (TIE) in collaboration with Hellen Keller International (HKI) has been scaled up due to the achievements shown in the pilot districts.
On 10th May, 2012 Mr Bgoya who owns Mkuki na Nyota Publishers, launched a book called ‘Enjoy Chemistry’ which is also available in Kiswahili with the title ‘Furahia Kemia’ . He said at the launching ceremony that the books were intended to motivate pupils to learn science. “Pupils are facing difficulties in learning science lessons presented in English because they are poor in the language. Availability of the Kiswahili version will reduce the problem,” he explained. Several stakeholders including Hakielimu attended the ceremony.
The Ministry of Education and Vocational Training MOEVT) has for the past few years organised seminars on science laboratory works. These seminars have been conducted to equip teachers with requisite knowledge so that they can help their pupils to conduct scientific investigation based on experiments. Experimental activities faced a decline when the National Examinations Council of Tanzania (NECTA) stopped conducting practical examinations and offered Alternate to Practical examinations instead. Some efforts have been created lately to reclaim practical activities in schools.
However, not all schools have science laboratories. MOEVT has stipulated that no school should be registered if it has not built a laboratory. This order has gone unabated and pupils have suffered because they have been unable to conduct the experiments proposed in the science syllabuses. Schools which have established laboratories have made a significant contribution towards promoting the learning and teaching of science in the country.
An attempt to change science curriculum was made in the early nineties when the Ministry of Education introduced Unified Science as an independent subject in secondary school. This faced a strong opposition from the public and the National Assembly. Eventually it was withdrawn. An almost similar attempt was made in 2005, during a curriculum review which intended to remove subject biases in secondary school. The move combined Physics and Chemistry to form a new subject called Physics with Chemistry in Forms One and Two. The change was not implemented because it faced a stiff opposition and MOEVT had to retain the two science subjects.
A bitter encounter experienced in the last decade is the death of the International Science and Technology project envisaged to be built in Arusha city. This project which was initiated by the late Professor Leonard Shayo was to attract young scientists who would be helped to develop their scientific endeavours by providing them with their desired requirements. The project failed to take off despite the preparations made before Professor Leonard Shayo joined politics. Maybe some of his collaborators will wish to make a follow-up to find out what transpired.
Efforts made by individuals who write feature articles and stories on science should be supported. Science literature is lacking in Tanzania. Science fiction, starting at primary school level should be encouraged. It is said that the Children’s Book Project (CBP) has begun scrutinizing manuscripts that will be developed as science fiction. It is a commendable effort. We hope it bares fruits. The Government has promised to construct more science laboratories in schools. We have started the race and we have to complete it.


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